[384] [244] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German). 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. 73538. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. The Germans had been preparing a massive counter-attack in the West since the Allied breakout from Normandy. These figures include military dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans. [89], Military(Norwegian & Allied Forces) 2,000 (800 Army, 900 Navy and 100 Air). This kill-to-loss ratio destroys another recent myth, which has recently come again into fashion, which refers to the situation on the Eastern Front. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. A Japanese academic study published in 1979 by The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki puts the total dead in the atomic attacks at 140,000 ( 10,000) in Hiroshima and 70,000 ( 10,000) in Nagasaki. U.S. Dept. Under the onslaught in both the north and south of France, the German Army fell back. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] Defending the Ardennes were troops of the US First Army. The West German government did not list euthanasia victims along with the war dead. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. To this must be added the 263,000655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 19441945. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17. Bonn 1989 pp. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. Estonia's human losses due to the Soviet and German occupation of Estonia from 1940 to 1945 were approximately 67,000 persons based on a study by Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression. Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. 1939 WWII Era France Soldiers in Observation Post . ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. Germany (West). 21st Army Group was then instead ordered to move northeast toward Bremen and Hamburg. A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqu implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied. There were only some local, minor skirmishes. universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). UK total casualties were 68,111 including 11,000 KIA. Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. western front ww2 casualties. Bob Guercio Eisenhower calmly said "OK. The RAF lost 931 aircraft. [1] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. A German attempt to recapture the salient ended in failure in early October. Germany (West). German Federal Archive Spieler, Silke. 13, No. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. Dtv, Neuauflage 1992. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. Some I've been cooking for years, decades even, others I have cooked just . Total German casualties between September 1939 to 31 December 1944, on the Western Front for both the army, Waffen SS, and foreign volunteers amounts to 128,030 killed, 399,860 wounded. Malaya & Singapore: 8,500, 2,900, (11,400) [9] The People's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million,[10] while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million.[11]. ^BF United States The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. 1939 Press Photo American Soldiers Honoring French WWII Casualties in Nantes . Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) The tables below give a detailed country-by-country count of human losses. Eng. Army total 1,140,429 killed and 295,247 wounded. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army[a] pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. "[384], Civilians killed in 1945 military campaign, Deaths due to Nazi political, racial and religious persecution, Expulsion and flight of ethnic Germans The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman[ru]. By the summer of 1944, when an expectation of an Allied invasion was freely admitted by German commanders, the disposition of troops facing it came under the command of OB West (HQ in Paris). WWII: Western Front Worksheets . The raid was a disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties. Mai 1974. American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows "Battle for the Roer Triangle". The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. After the war ended deaths at the hands of the Red Army and local Chinese population were 185,000 Manchuria, 28,000 in North Korea and 10,000 on Sakhalin and the Kurile islands. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. These figures include 593,000 Germany in 1937 borders. Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"Hemingway) to breach the Line. The crossing of the Rhine was achieved at four points: Once the Allies had crossed the Rhine, the British fanned out northeast towards Hamburg crossing the river Elbe and on towards Denmark and the Baltic. (1956) A German government study put German air war dead at 635,000; 500,000 killed by allied strategic bombing and 135,000 refugees killed during the evacuations from eastern Europe in 1945. Of these, approximately 330,000 were fatalities. About 298,000 Americans died. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World WarII Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. Sankt-Peterburg 1995, Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World WarII. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. The following notes summarize German expulsion casualties, the details are presented in the flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union' and the Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans. (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. [nb 12] The Western Front's 1944-1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with North Africa. p. 273; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, Miki (2005). Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363). Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. Answer (1 of 5): WW1 total military deaths: between 8 573 054 and 10 824 236. While the U.S. Ninth and First Armies held their ground from Magdeburg through Leipzig to western Czechoslovakia, Eisenhower ordered three Allied field armies (1st French, and the U.S. This was also the period in which the United Kingdom and France did not supply significant aid to Poland, despite their pledged alliance. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Small and Singer put the military losses at 5,000. Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Fighting began with Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940. The Americans accidentally bombed neutral Switzerland during the war causing civilian casualties. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, pp. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. Original emissaries had no authority to surrender to any of the Allies. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. In Episode 3 we take apart the most gruesome battles seen on the Western Front, North African Campaign and Middle Eastern Operations. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. "Allied casualties from D-day to VE totaled 766,294. It was estimated that 200,000 soldiers died in World War II in the European theatre. With an introd. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. With the fighting ended, the Germans began to consider ways of resolving the question of how to deal with Britain. other and unknown 6,844 (3,695 post armistice). During World War II, the German military helped fulfill Nazism's racial, political, and territorial ambitions. In addition, the war and genocidal policy were inextricably linked. Russian historian. Between 5,000 and 10,000 Filipinos serving with the Filipino troops, Scouts, Constabulary and Philippine Army units lost their lives on the, In 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish, In his 2009 book, Andrzej Leon Sowa of the, The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war victims during the German occupation (including 123,178 military deaths, 2.8million Poles and 3.2million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic, In August 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Germany (West). Krasnoiarskii gos. Front, called by the people in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War, saw most of the damage in terms of military casualties, the Western Front, which encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands . [34] By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe. Eisei Ishikawa, David L. Swain, Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Physical Medical and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings, Basic Books, 1981. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. Mai 1974. (1989); Gerhard Reichling, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995 (revised ed), Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State of Germany's Bureau for Inner Affairs, outlines the stance of the respective governmental institutions in. : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. During the push east, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Magdeburg, Halle and Leipzig were strongly defended by ad hoc German garrisons made up of regular troops, Flak units, Volkssturm and armed Nazi Party auxiliaries. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. The Eastern Front, which stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, was more than twice as long as the Western Front. p. 30(500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 overseas, figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. Page 478. The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606). Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. 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