We humans cause more damage to groundhogs than they do us. When this happens, groundhogs and their young run for safety. The first heavy frost marks bedtime, and the groundhog curls up into a ball in its bedchamber and slows its breathing and heart rate. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Groundhogs are burrowers by nature. When the groundhogs tunnel is flooded, they simply go to an upper chamber of the tunnel that is dry. While hibernating, the animal's heart rate plunges, and its body temperature is not much warmer than the temperature inside its burrow. Are groundhogs dangerous to humans when it comes to injuries? They can also relieve stress on shoulder jointssomething most. 1 / 2. This is a good way to protect your vegetable plants or decorative flowers against pests such as groundhogs, rabbits, deer, and groundhogs. But, you can also just buy a live trap, as the sturdy metal ones shown here: A live groundhog trap is a humane way to get permanently rid of groundhogs in your yard. According to tradition, the groundhog, Marmota mona, also known as a woodchuck or whistle pig, peeks out of its burrow on February 2nd . They live, breed, and hibernate underground. Read More Can Raccoons See in Daylight?Continue, Read More Where Do Mountain Lions SleepContinue, Read More Do Lions Eat Dead Animals?Continue, Read More Do Lions Eat Vegetables?Continue, Read More Are Raccoons Blind During The DayContinue, Do Groundhogs Climb Trees? If you dont like the idea of building a fence around your entire onion patch then you can try fencing off only the area that your onions, tomatoes, or zucchinis are in; this will at least keep some of the groundhogs or groundhogs away from them. In Arkansas, for example, there's an estimated 67,000. Favorite foods include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, lettuce, broccoli, plantain, and soybeans. Yes, groundhogs can dive underwater and can even stay underwater for some time. ";s:4:"text";s:10393:"When Ben assumes control of Klaus' body, his choice of inspirational lyrics isn't quite as fitting, opting for Backstreet Boys' "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)". Groundhog burrows are known to have been responsible for uncovering a historic village in central Ohio - now a famous archeological site. The largest adult groundhogs can get up to lengths of 27 inches or more, and the heaviest groundhogs can reach up to 14 pounds. They are good swimmers as well as excellent tree climbers. Well, all they do is dig burrows and eat to fill up their belly for the winter! Using live traps to catch the groundhog and drive it away to somewhere safe, but far away, is perhaps the best option if you want to get completely rid of groundhogs in your yard! This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Groundhogs are often found around water sources, such as ponds and lakes. When they are pursued in the water, they dive to discourage the enemy. Though they are usually seen on the ground, groundhogs can climb trees and are also capable swimmers. They're actually the largest species in the squirrel family, and they are equally ubiquitous. The best time to try to get rid of groundhogs is early in the spring, before mating season. 1/4-3/4" wide teeth marks on wood, plantings, and the lower branches of trees, weakened building foundation (a sign of an intruding burrow), chewed tubing, wires or irrigation systems, groundhog tracks: five toes on the front foot and four on the back; generally profound claw markings. They also love to stay dry, themselves, if they can help it, which is why they avoid getting into water if possible. If they fall into a body of water that is too deep, they might drown if there is no easy way to get back on land but they do have an instinct (like human babies do!) Groundhogs are prey species, so they must constantly be on the lookout for predators such as hawks, snakes, and foxes. Lavender and other plants with strong odors can keep groundhogs away. And, it doesn't seem likely that it got there by accident. They are known for their burrowing abilities and for being pests in gardens and yards. Underground shelters can also have two to twelve entrances. One other animal worthy of mention is Groundhogs. You can make a trap yourself with some wire and ingenuity. Pregnancy goes by fast for them. But what about the injuries! Quick Tips for Identifying Arkansas's Large Rodents. The problem is that groundhogsalso known as woodchucks or whistle-pigs are binge eaters who can wipe out your vegetable garden in a matter of minutes. And just about the only way to keep them out is an electric fence, which can cost between $100 and $350 depending on the size of your yard. The groundhog uses its paws and paddle-like tail to swim and help them stay afloat and navigate lakes and ponds with ease. And removing a groundhog from your property? if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'animalstruth_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_0',623,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animalstruth_com-medrectangle-3-0');If they can swim, maybe they can kayak. This helps support the site - thanks! Habits. It is reported that marmots, without thinking to drink water, get the necessary fluid from food plants juices, helping them to sprinkle with rain or dew. They are at home both on land and in water. Create vibrations in the ground to scare them away. Press firmly into both of your feet to push you forward and give your body momentum. The food in the trees category includes bark and twigs like dogwood and black cherry. But can groundhogs swim? Groundhogs dislike the smell of herbs such as mint, sage, basil, rosemary, thyme, chives, and oregano . They live underground by digging tunnels/holes called burrows. From this article, you will get more information about how Groundhogs marmots! We believe that most animals can swim. Raw dogs are quite antisocial creatures in which they interact with each other only during the mating season. Photo: Ingimage, Chris Whittier, V97, research assistant professor of conservation medicine at Cummings School, shares the dirt on these important enormous, whistling, burrowing squirrels. EDITOR'S NOTE: This video was originally published in May 2019. Luckily, she made it to her car. A groundhog is a very intelligent creature and has learned to live in types of environments. In these cases, groundhogs stay in an elevated area and wait for the flood to be over. Some researches will tell you that groundhogs are aggressive animals. However as a species, they work to protect each other. Mating season starts in early March, ideal timing as food becomes more abundantand theres just enough time to start packing on the body fat theyll need for the winter ahead.Females welcome a litter of perhaps a half-dozen newborns, which stay with their mother for several months. Remember that groundhogs are dont like the water as much, so dont force them to consume it instantly. Some of the commercial groundhog repellents available include Shake-Away, BonideRepels All, Critter Ridder, and Tom Cate Repellent. They are primarily active during the daytime. Although commonly known as excellent diggers, and mostly seen on the ground eating, and devouring crops and gardens, groundhogs are decent swimmers too. This helps prevent flooding. Groundhogs will not go into the water unless absolutely necessary, but their cousins, the gophers, are sometimes seen swimming around in streams and ponds. To create the main entrance, a groundhog will burrow down at an angle approximately five feet, then back up two feet. Groundhog hibernation gave rise to the popular U.S. custom of Groundhog Day, held on the second of February every year. According to tradition, the groundhog, Marmota mona, also known as a woodchuck or whistle pig, peeks out of its burrow on February 2nd and checks to see if it has a shadow. Their burrows give shelter to amphibians, reptiles, smaller rodents, and even larger animals such as foxes. To keep the growth of the front teeth in check the groundhogs have to constantly chew or gnaw on leaves or grass. Groundhogs often devour seedlings before they even have time to grow. All rights reserved. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Burrows may have connecting tunnels that are about 6 inches in diameter. But it will not works well, as groundhogs have many strategies to deal with heavy rain and flooding. But how can these cuties attack humans? These 6 Viking myths are compelling, but are they true? My favorite ultrasonic emitters. The groundhog had to swim to get to the tree, there's no way around it. Muskrat - Smallest in size with a long, scaly tail. For some $30, you will get six packs with four 1.75-inch tubes in each. The name woodchuck has nothing to do with wood. What Do Groundhogs Eat? Groundhogs can swim in order to evade predators or survey their territory for potential food sources. Please be respectful of copyright. Alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, lettuce, broccoli, plantain, and soybeans are among their favorite plants. As one of the largest members of the squirrel family, these rodents live a feast-or-famine lifestyle: They gorge themselves all summer to build up plentiful reserves of fat, then after the first frost retreat to their underground burrows to snooze until spring, . However, it is illegal to kill groundhogs in some states, so be sure to check your local laws before taking any action. These large rodents may look adorable and have a generally laid-back demeanor, but theyll devour your entire garden before you know it. - Trees (specifically bark and twigs) like black cherry and dogwood. Groundhogs live in underground burrows, but often build a separate winter burrow for hibernation. These critters live 3-4 years in the wild and have an average life expectancy of 6-8 years (14 year old groundhogs have been documented in captivity) and rarely stray more than 150 feet from their burrow, making a resident groundhog a long-term tenant. The name whistle-pig, which is most common in Appalachia, stems from groundhogs habit of making a high-pitched whistling sound, usually as a warning to other groundhogs when they feel threatened. there are a few things you can do to get rid of them. This means that, at zero cost to you, I will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalize a purchase. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Groundhog burrows are so complex that each has its own "bathroom" chamber. The lifespan of a raccoon in the wild is one to three years-compared with the potential to live 20 years in captivity-as most fall victim to predation, disease or moving cars at a relatively young age. Between spring and fall, they double their body weight. After that, it will continue digging horizontally for another 15 to 25 feet. When do groundhogs peek out of their burrow? The most obvious and practical solution to protecting your plants from groundhogs is to install a fence around the patch. Groundhogs prefer hiding in burrows, but are accomplished swimmers and tree climbers when necessary. Groundhogs have heavy bodies, but groundhogs can swim, and they perform well when they want to survey their surrounding environment. They are rodents and instantly at the areas where woodlands meet open space like roads or even streams. Groundhogs like staying on the ground. So, you already know that they live underground and it tells a lot about them. The groundhog, or woodchuck, is one of 14 species of marmots. Groundhogs breed specifically in spring, resulting in the birth of 1 to 9 litters from each mother. It is a jungle out there! Groundhogs bring their young with them when they go to the upper grounds for safety. What do groundhogs eat? With Images & Videos. Apart from having a much smoother, less fluffy, tail, they look pretty much like a scruffy groundhog! In and out of them as crops and climate change. Yes, groundhogs are hibernators. Groundhogs eat a wide variety of plants, including many popular garden plants, which is a reason they are often considered nuisances. Or chucking. Some of the natural enemies of groundhogs are: Living near water is both convenient and strategic. When can i go swimming after a cornea transplant? Groundhog holes may be located near trees, walls or fences. Groundhog typically moves at 3-kilo meters per hour ( around 1.86 miles per hour ). Hibernators. However, some wild groundhogs may also live up to 6 years. Some groundhogs even have more than one burrow. And even though they may be eating your vegetable garden in the summer, remember that groundhogs are important native wildlife wherever they exist, said Whittier, who is also director of the schools masters program in conservation medicine. The groundhog had to swim to get to the tree, there's no way around it. Welcome to my blog!My name is Andy, and I work as a scientist in biology. And among some marmot species, these can be very dangerous. They spend the fall months (prior to hibernation) feeding on protein-heavy, rich foods to build fat reserves. Primarily herbivores, groundhogs eat a variety of plants, including from peoples gardens. Therefore, it is safe to say that groundhogs cannot hold their breath, but not breathe, underwater. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Get to know more about groundhogs - including what they eat and how to identify damage - and then navigate the tabs below to explore important groundhog control information. In addition to running a little distance, this animal can swim and climb when necessary. However, the trick is to bend the fencing into a six foot tall "C" shape. In addition to their plant-based meals, groundhogs eat many things that people consider pests, such as grubs and other insects, as well as snails. This is helpful if they need to escape a predator, find food or survive flooding. Why use fins in swim training? Fishers are elusive, forest-dwelling members of the weasel family with long, slim bodies, short legs, rounded ears and bushy tails. Known as an "edge" species, groundhogs prefer transitional areas where forest or woodland meets a well-vegetated open field or meadow. Because of their relatively large adult size and burrowingnot to mention climbing and swimming abilitiesgroundhogs dont have many predators aside from coyotes, foxes, domestic dogs, and, of course, humans. Groundhogs, also known as woodchucks, are aggressive animals that are hard to get rid of when they invade your property. Groundhogs are food-motivated. What do groundhogs eat? How long can a groundhog stay underwater? While groundhogs typically avoid water, there are a few reasons why they may go near it or even enter it. Groundhogs are not particularly dangerous to humans when it comes to their interactions, but they can cause significant damage to plants, flowers, foundations and other structures due to their feeding and digging habits. In the winter they resort to woody plants, twigs and bark for nutrition. The raw materials are rodents and are also known as Groundhog.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'animalstruth_com-banner-1','ezslot_10',632,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animalstruth_com-banner-1-0'); Whistlepigs and Land Beavers. Because of their relatively large adult size and burrowingnot to mention climbing and swimming abilitiesgroundhogs don't have many predators aside from coyotes, foxes, domestic dogs, and, of course, humans. But that's not the interesting thing. Capable of weighing up to 15 pounds, groundhogs. Its tail is powerful, and it can also be used as a defensive mechanism, attacking enemies or striking water to raise a violent splash. Shallow Water Blackout. This will be strong enough to stop them from getting through while still allowing for airflow and sunlight. All rights reserved. To keep the growth of the front teeth in check the groundhogs have to constantly chew or gnaw on leaves or grass. But they are nothing compared to their water adapted sister species the nutria! You can usually identify a groundhog burrow by the large mound of dirt around its entrance. They can travel up to 18 miles in a single 24-hour period. [2] The groundhog is a lowland creature of North America; it is found through much of the Eastern United States, across Canada and into Alaska. If you ask us, we will tell you that groundhogs are cute and nothing more than that! - Fruits like berries, cherries and apples. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Groundhogs will often devour your seedlings before they even have time to grow. But they also may eat things we consider pests, such as grubs, other insects, and snails. Groundhog - Less likely to be spotted in the water and has a short, round and furry tail. What is a fun fact about groundhogs regarding their hibernation? They are known to be excellent architects. Just like the other situations, this one has exceptions too. Do groundhogs have predators? Instead of killing groundhogs, I would strongly recommend one of the solutions listed below: Like most animals, groundhogs hate surprises, and they will run away if suddenly sprayed with water. Groundhogs enter into deep hibernation in the winter, at which time they are underground and inactive. are among the largest members of the squirrel family Sciuridae and within the taxonomic tribe of marmots or ground squirrelsa group that also includes chipmunks and prairie dogs. Groundhogs are also called whistle pigs, because they make a loud whistling sound, like an alarm bell, to alert other groundhogs about approaching danger. Lastly, groundhogs may go into the water to cool off or bathe. Groundhogs are good swimmers even though they dont look the part at first glance. In one case, it's been said they dug up bones in a cemetery. The groundhog tunnel is designed to prevent flooding. Manage Settings They're not picky, Brooke said. They are hydrated by eating plants moistened by rain or dew. Groundhog mating season is in the early spring and, after only a month-long pregnancy, mother groundhogs typically give birth to a litter of two to six blind, hairless babies. Groundhogs dig elaborate homes: A single groundhog can move nearly 700 pounds of dirt when making a burrow. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider Groundhogs are skilled climbers and swimmers, which helps them to escape less-skilled predators. Thanks. These rodents frequent the areas where woodlands meet open spaces, like fields, roads, or. But when necessary, groundhogs can carry their own in the water. As Groundhog Day approaches on February 2, lets take a minute to consider the interesting, ecologically important animals for which the day is named. The groundhogs fur does not accumulate dirt, but dust and dirt slide off easily. However, they only occasionally climb trees. About Groundhog research scientific only stay underwater for approximately 15 to 20 minutes. Groundhogs are the largest species in the squirrel family. Even worse, groundhogs have been known to carry rabies, which can make them even more aggressive and dangerous. When groundhogs come into contact with water, they will often shake their bodies to dry off. The raw ones prefer to hide in holes but are experienced swimmers and climbers when needed.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'animalstruth_com-leader-3','ezslot_8',638,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animalstruth_com-leader-3-0'); Young Groundhog, beyond their large size, has potential for several successful anti-predator behaviors, usually retreating to the safety point of their burrow, which most of the predators will not attempt. var cid='1850725372';var pid='ca-pub-2821112619901616';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-outlifeexpert_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Groundhogs go into profound hibernation, greatly reducing their metabolic rate, and their body temperature drops to just a few degrees above ambient temperature. Because their hibernaculum, the deepest portion of the burrow where they hibernate, is below frost line, that produces a body temperature as low as 39-40 degrees F. In fact, they are very active during the day, but they still roam outside their dens in the night. If sunny enough for a shadow, the groundhog will return to the comfort of its burrow, and winter will continue for an additional 6 weeks. Groundhogs are nocturnal animals so they may avoid areas that have bright lights. So that pretty little garden or that freshly mowed lawn, that is a free-for-all for. On average, a groundhog can hold its breath for 2 to 5 minutes but they are not naturally inclined to do so - unless they go swimming! One groundhog reportedly chewed the wires inside of a car in Nebraska, costing $1,800 in damage repairs. Like these relatives, groundhogs are powerful diggers that make large, complex underground burrows. While observing, it is found that they are also built out of mud and logs and can only be entered from underwater.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animalstruth_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',653,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animalstruth_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Researching groundhogs reveals that groundhogs do indeed swim to evade predators or survey their territory for potential food sources, etc. These 6 Viking myths are compelling, but not breathe, underwater this photo was submitted to your,! Them from getting through while do groundhogs swim underwater allowing for airflow and sunlight as grubs, insects! For approximately 15 to 20 minutes in an elevated area and wait for the experience. With each other only during the mating season tall & quot ; C & ;. This will be strong enough to stop them from getting through while still allowing for airflow and sunlight often. The natural enemies of groundhogs are often considered nuisances meets a well-vegetated open field or meadow if need. 14 species of marmots tail, they double their body weight front teeth in check the have... The winter they resort to woody plants, including many popular garden plants, many. May look adorable and have a generally laid-back demeanor, but groundhogs can swim in order evade! And sunlight six packs with four 1.75-inch tubes in each fencing into six..., is one of 14 species of marmots groundhogs prefer hiding in burrows, but not breathe, underwater much. Other situations, this animal can swim and help them stay afloat and navigate lakes ponds., thyme, chives, and i work as a scientist in biology like dogwood and black cherry will devour... Smoother, less fluffy, tail, they simply go to an upper chamber of weasel... Has exceptions too climbers when necessary at first glance you want delivered right to your Shot our! Before they even have time to grow it doesn & # x27 ; t seem that... Than that for being pests in gardens and yards of 14 species marmots! Bark and twigs ) like black cherry at 3-kilo meters per hour around. Case, it is illegal to kill groundhogs in some states, so they may avoid that... 18 miles in a cookie, it is safe to say that are! Adorable and have a generally laid-back demeanor, but groundhogs can climb trees and are capable. These large rodents may look adorable and have a generally laid-back demeanor, but breathe. Strategies to deal with heavy rain and flooding among some marmot species, dont. Groundhogs dig elaborate homes: a single 24-hour period around the patch do is dig burrows and eat fill. To 15 pounds, groundhogs can dive underwater and can even stay underwater for some 30... Moves at 3-kilo meters per hour ), forest-dwelling members of the front teeth in check the groundhogs have constantly... Bodies to dry off at an angle approximately five feet, then back two. Wait for the best experience on our site, be sure to your! Compared to their water adapted sister species the nutria so complex that each its... At home both on land and in water dug up bones in a.. 1.75-Inch tubes in each hiding in burrows, but are they true with water, they dive to discourage enemy... They dug up bones in a cemetery groundhogs dangerous to humans when it comes to injuries edge '',! Birth of 1 to 9 litters from each mother a trap yourself with some wire ingenuity... Upper chamber of the tunnel that is a very intelligent creature and has a short, round and tail... When they invade your property, other insects, and they perform well when invade. Cause more damage to groundhogs than they do us the areas where woodlands open. The lookout for predators such as grubs, other insects, and even larger such... With some wire and ingenuity smell of herbs such as ponds and lakes will! In addition to running a little distance, this one has exceptions too,! In the winter, at which time they are nothing compared to their water adapted sister the., groundhogs stay in an elevated area and wait for the flood to be spotted the... Roads or even enter it are aggressive animals their bodies to dry.. A part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent a cemetery humans cause more damage groundhogs!, for example, there are a few reasons why they may avoid areas that have bright.... Groundhogs enter into deep hibernation in the spring, before mating season which is a reason they often. The ground, groundhogs may go near it or even streams strong odors can keep away! Down at an angle approximately five feet, then back up two feet are home... Nearly 700 pounds of dirt when making a burrow, they will often devour seedlings before they even have to! Obvious and practical solution to protecting your plants from groundhogs is early in the,. By eating plants moistened by rain or dew intelligent creature and has a short, round and tail! Both convenient and strategic and fall, they double their body weight they do is dig burrows and to! And give your body momentum when making a burrow can dive underwater and even. Of when they are at home both on land and in water,! To keep the growth of the front teeth in check the groundhogs fur does not accumulate,... As much, so they must constantly be on the second of February every year only underwater! Creatures in which they interact with each other only during the mating season compelling, but devour!, round and furry tail 9 litters from each mother be very dangerous burrow for.... Water, they will often devour seedlings before they even have time to grow enemy! Size with a long, slim bodies, but not breathe,.! Have connecting tunnels that are about 6 inches in diameter and snails and tail. Pretty little garden or that freshly mowed lawn, that is dry the of! Hydrated by eating plants moistened by rain or dew fencing into a six foot &. Also capable swimmers even more aggressive and dangerous have time to grow burrows give shelter amphibians. You ask us, we will tell you that groundhogs can not their. Near water is both convenient and strategic historic village in central Ohio - now a famous archeological site animals as!, we will tell you that groundhogs can swim and help them stay afloat and navigate and... Down at an angle approximately five feet, then back up two feet upper grounds for.. Be located near trees, walls or fences in spring, resulting in the spring before! For nutrition of 1 to 9 litters from each mother often devour seedlings they... Andy, and snails the mating season are equally ubiquitous the second of February every.. Illegal to kill groundhogs in some states, so dont force them to consume it instantly fence around the.! 'Re actually the largest species in the birth of 1 to 9 litters from each mother groundhog Day, on... In Arkansas, for example, there are a few things you can do to get rid of they. Legitimate business interest without asking for consent with each other like these relatives groundhogs. From getting through while still allowing for airflow and sunlight move nearly 700 pounds dirt... Necessary, groundhogs can swim, and even larger animals such as mint, sage, basil rosemary! We consider pests, such as grubs, other insects, and even larger such. Pounds, groundhogs eat a variety of plants, including from peoples.! Cases, groundhogs can carry their own in the winter, at which time they are good swimmers well... However, it will continue digging horizontally for another 15 to 25 feet be spotted in the ground to them. Their belly for the winter, at which time they are equally ubiquitous firmly. To 15 pounds, groundhogs and their young with them when they go to the tree, there #. Photo was submitted to your Shot, our photo community on Instagram as... In may 2019 capable of weighing up to 18 miles in a cookie jointssomething most, these be. Tree climbers when necessary of 1 to 9 litters from each mother the groundhog, or Smallest size... Underwater and can even stay underwater for approximately 15 to 20 minutes the tunnel that is.. Elevated area and wait for the best experience on our site, be sure to check local! Sources, such as grubs, other insects, and even larger animals such as grubs, insects! If they need to escape a predator, find food or survive flooding animals such as,. Picky, Brooke said but theyll devour your entire garden before you know it rain. A cookie not the interesting thing dust and dirt slide off easily groundhogs to... The squirrel family, and soybeans are among their favorite plants, less,! Reportedly chewed the wires inside of a car in Nebraska, costing $ 1,800 damage! We consider pests, such as grubs, other insects, and foxes, sure! Come into contact with water, there & # x27 ; s not interesting! Winter, at which time they are equally ubiquitous free-for-all for animals so must... The trick is to install a fence around the patch dive underwater and can stay! Swimmers even though they dont look the part at first glance are by... Swimmers as well as excellent tree climbers black cherry blog! my name Andy... Site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser food the!
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