Most subarctic climates have little precipitation, typically no more than 380 mm (15 in) over an entire year. The subarctic climate also referred to as the boreal, subalpine, or subpolar climate occurs in large landmasses that beyond the moderating effects of oceans. Despite the harsh climate, several large animals are supported in this climate. Subarctic (taiga) climates lack the hot summer providing . The humid continental climate occurs in areas of . However, the summer permits some agriculture. .yBpe_r{z-index:0}.yBpe_r .nZLWPi{--px-spacing:var(--spacing) + 1 /var(--number-of-columns) * var(--spacing);--pct-width:1/var(--number-of-columns) * 100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:calc(var(--spacing)*-1);position:relative}.yBpe_r .nZLWPi .t6EnES{height:var(--row-height);margin-bottom:var(--spacing);margin-right:var(--spacing);position:relative;width:calc(var(--pct-width) - var(--px-spacing))}.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.HKE59x .t6EnES:nth-child(7n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.KrDsh3 .t6EnES:nth-child(1n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.MV5NuB .t6EnES:nth-child(9n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.Ngt6IK .t6EnES:nth-child(8n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.TPAj_M .t6EnES:nth-child(2n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.Wabo7G .t6EnES:nth-child(6n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.hlpPWg .t6EnES:nth-child(5n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.jbjGXv .t6EnES:nth-child(3n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.l2B6lS .t6EnES:nth-child(4n),.yBpe_r .nZLWPi.sehpx_ .t6EnES:nth-child(10n){margin-right:0}.yBpe_r .Xjg152{height:var(--show-more-container-height);pointer-events:none;position:relative}.yBpe_r .Xjg152 .HHP1KC{cursor:pointer;pointer-events:auto}.HHP1KC{color:rgb(var(--showMoreClr,var(--color_13)));cursor:pointer;font:var(--fntds,var(--font_9));height:30px;left:35%;line-height:30px;position:absolute;right:35%;text-decoration:underline;width:30%}.HHP1KC,.Xjg152{bottom:0;text-align:center}.Fe2Svm:not(.VLoCzf) .sVVBUo{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.Fe2Svm .BdKEq2{cursor:pointer}.Fe2Svm .ML1YkU{white-space:pre-line}.Fe2Svm .ML1YkU,.Fe2Svm .iRSoQ8{text-align:var(--text-align)}.Fe2Svm,.Fe2Svm .hgMqSH{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.Fe2Svm .hgMqSH{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.Fe2Svm .hgMqSH .QSVMRm{flex-grow:1;position:relative}.Fe2Svm .hgMqSH .C6LjiJ{position:relative}.Fe2Svm .sVVBUo{border-radius:var(--rd,0)}.Fe2Svm .Zz5cHg{background-color:rgba(var(--brd,var(--color_15)),var(--alpha-brd,1));border:rgba(var(--brd,var(--color_15)),var(--alpha-brd,1)) solid var(--brw,0);border-radius:var(--rd,0)}.Fe2Svm .Zz5cHg,.Fe2Svm .Zz5cHg:before{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.Fe2Svm .Zz5cHg:before{background:rgba(var(--bghClr,var(--color_15)),var(--alpha-bghClr,1));content:"";opacity:0;transition:var(--trans,opacity .4s ease 0s)}.Fe2Svm .L_u3wY img,.Fe2Svm .Zz5cHg:before{border-radius:var(--rd,0)}.Fe2Svm .iRSoQ8{color:rgb(var(--ttl2,var(--color_15)));display:block;font:var(--fntt,var(--font_7));white-space:nowrap}.Fe2Svm .ML1YkU{color:rgb(var(--txt2,var(--color_15)));display:block;font:var(--fntds,var(--font_9));margin-top:.05em}.Fe2Svm .ML1YkU,.Fe2Svm .iRSoQ8{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.Fe2Svm .C6LjiJ{background:rgba(var(--boxbg,var(--color_12)),var(--alpha-boxbg,1));border-radius:var(--boxRd,0);box-sizing:border-box;cursor:auto;height:var(--imgHeightDiff,80px);margin-top:var(--topPadding,13px);overflow:hidden;padding:var(--paddingSize,10px);position:relative}.Fe2Svm .dFFOyU{bottom:var(--paddingSize,10px);left:var(--paddingSize,10px);overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:var(--paddingSize,10px);top:var(--paddingSize,10px)}.Fe2Svm:hover .Zz5cHg:before{opacity:1;transition:var(--trans,opacity .4s ease 0s)}.Fe2Svm .hgMqSH:focus-within .Zz5cHg:before{opacity:1;transition:var(--trans,opacity .4s ease 0s)}.YxfMAA{align-items:center;display:grid;justify-items:center;visibility:hidden}.YxfMAA>div:first-child{position:absolute}.YxfMAA img[src=""]{visibility:hidden}.HlRz5e{display:block;height:100%;width:100%}.HlRz5e img{max-width:var(--wix-img-max-width,100%)}.HlRz5e[data-animate-blur] img{filter:blur(9px);transition:filter .8s ease-in}.HlRz5e[data-animate-blur] img[data-load-done]{filter:none}.I5zqsT{display:block;height:100%;width:100%} Regions with continental climates include southeastern Canada, the upper portions of the eastern United States, portions of eastern Europe, parts of China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Mount Washington in New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate but receives an annual rainfall of about 101.91 inches. Even though the diversity may be low, the area and numbers are high, and the taiga (boreal) forest is the largest forest biome on the planet, with most of the forests located in Russia and Canada. Vegetation and land use. Vegetation in regions with subarctic climates is generally of low diversity, as only hardy tree species can survive the long winters and make use of the short summers. Summer is short and can last for three months. However, the summers are short; no more than three months of the year (but at least one month) must have a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10C (50F) to fall into this category of climate, and the coldest month should average below 0C (32F) (or 3C (27F)). Should one go northward or even toward a polar sea, one finds that the warmest month has an average temperature of less than 10C (50F), and the subarctic climate grades into a tundra climate not at all suitable for trees. The continental climate can be divided into two major groups: the continental and sub-Arctic moist climates. .mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}^1 The climate is continental if the 0C coldest-month isotherm is used, but it is temperate if the -3C isotherm is used. The coldest month averaging below 0 C (32 F) and 1-3 months averaging above 10 C (50 F). The subarctic climatic region has a low diversity of vegetation since only limited species of plants can survive the climate. The process by which plants become acclimated to cold temperatures is called hardening. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50 to 70N, poleward of the humid continental climates. In Buenos Aires, the climate is warm and temperate. Long summer days and winter nights. Elsewhere, rock basins have been formed and stream courses dammed, creating countless lakes. Convective thunderstorms can be seen in the summertime whereas mid-latitude cyclones can be seen in the winters. Learn more. _____ is a subtype of the continental climate. In the Kppen climate system, these climates grade off toward temperate climates equator-ward where winters are less severe and semi-arid climates or arid climates where precipitation becomes inadequate for tall-grass prairies and shrublands. Mean monthly temperatures are below freezing for six to eight months, with an average frost-free period of only 5090 days per year, and snow remains on the ground for many months. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/continental-subarctic-climate, University of Arkansas - Traditional Whaling in the Western Arctic - Western Arctic Climate, Easy Science For Kids - Continental Climate. A. Subarctic B. . Continental climates are defined by cold winters and mild-to-hot summers. As a result of these temperature extremes, annual temperature ranges are larger in continental subarctic climates than in any other climate type on Earth, up to 30 C (54 F) through much of the area and more than 60 C (108 F) in central Siberia, although coastal areas are more moderate. Semiarid. Troms and Finnmark in English), is a county under disestablishment in northern Norway that was established on 1 January 2020 as the result of a regional reform. . Climate data for interior Alaska show a clear warming trend over the past several decades. There is usually between 40 and 100 centimeters of precipitation a year, much of which is in the form of snow. .LHrbPP{background:#fff;border-radius:24px;color:#116dff;cursor:pointer;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,,meiryo, pro w3,hiragino kaku gothic pro,sans-serif;font-size:14px;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-94px;opacity:0;padding:0 24px 0 24px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:60px;width:0;z-index:9999}.LHrbPP:focus{border:2px solid;height:40px;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;width:auto} It is restricted to the northern hemisphere, between lat. In the Kppen-Geiger-Pohl system, the continental subarctic climate is divided into the Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, and Dwd subtypes. The definition of this climate regarding temperature is as follows: the mean temperature of the coldest month must be below -3 C (26.6 F) and there must be at least four months whose mean temperatures are at or above 10C (50F).[3]. 14 Jan 2023 16:27:54 (cP) and continental arctic (cA) air masses from subarctic source regions. (Continental Subarctic Climate). Continental climates occur mostly in the Northern Hemisphere due to the large landmasses found there. However, subarctic climate higher altitudes of temperate regions experience higher precipitation due to the orographic lift. Subarctic islands are those in the Northern Hemisphere where the mean temperature of the warmest month is over 50F(10C) for less than 4 months and that of the coldest is less than 32F (0C). The continental humid climate can be found in large areas of land in the temperate regions of the middle latitudes. The subarctic experiences the lowest temperatures outside of Antarctica, and the largest annual temperature range of any climate. This type of climate offers some of the most extreme seasonal temperature variations found on the planet: in winter, temperatures can drop to below 50C (58F) and in summer, the temperature may exceed 26C (79F). The reason it's not 0 C/32 F is that a slightly colder temperature allows for Continue Reading 7 2 Related questions More answers below The temperature usually varies between 3C to 22C throughout the year. Sometimes the temperatures can reach -40 C. b) Subarctic This climate has cool summers, and winters are cold. The North American representative of this climate is not as severe but is still profoundly cold. Where i liveI Newfoundland subarctic? The northern side of the Seward Peninsula is technically a desert with less . Humid subtropical. Continental climates are a sub-type of temperate climates. Precipitation. The northern half of Scandinavia (milder winters in coastal areas) Most of Alaska. Most of northern and northeastern China, eastern and southeastern Europe, Western and north western Iran, central and southeastern Canada, and the central and northeastern United States have this type of climate. Dry-winter continental climates (Dwa and Dwb) exist in high altitude areas near humid subtropical climates (Cwa) or subtropical highland climates (Cwb). Tropical wet. . Continental Subarctic - Dry Summer, Very Cold Winter Coldest month averaging below 38 C (36.4 F) and 1-3 months averaging above 10 C (50 F). Temperatures can reach -40 degrees in the winter and be as high as 85 degrees in the summer--which is the widest range of temperatures of any climate. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. Vegetation in regions with subarctic climates is generally of low diversity, as only hardy species can survive the long winters and make use of the short In the winter, this zone can experience snowstorms, strong winds, and very cold temperaturessometimes falling below -22F (-30C)! subarctic definition: 1. belonging or relating to the cold regions of the world immediately south of the Arctic Circle. A notable exception to this pattern is that subarctic climates occurring at high elevations in otherwise temperate regions have extremely high precipitation due to orographic lift. Farming is a large-scale practice in the temperate regions (except for boreal/subarctic regions) due to the plentiful rainfall and warm summers, because . Between 10 and 20 inches of rain falls in Subarctic areas. However, at least one must have an average temperature of at least 10 C (50 F) . The subarctic climate experiences some of the most drastic seasonal temperature changes on the planet. Although the diversity of the vegetation is low, the number of plants is high, and the taiga forests make up the planet's largest forest biome with large sections occupying Canada and Russia. Which two types of polar climate are recognized? They tend to occur in the middle latitudes (40 to 55 north), within large landmasses where prevailing winds blow overland bringing some precipitation, and temperatures are not moderated by oceans. Arctic and Subarctic Regions. The subarctic climate (Kppen: Dfc ), with very cold, long and dry winters, but with at least one month above 10 C (50 F), might be considered a sub-type of the continental climate. This climate is considered to be Cfa according to the Kppen-Geiger climate classification. Cold temperatures mean little precipitation here, but enough falls to cover most of the land in snow for much of the year. All of these animals either hibernate or migrate during the coldest months of winter. Such areas also are generally somewhat more equable and may be designated marine subarctic climates. The following list shows the climate groups and their types: Tropical Wet (rain forest) Monsoon Wet and dry (savanna) Dry Arid Semiarid Mild Mediterranean Humid subtropical Marine Continental Warm summer . Dfb climates are immediately poleward of hot summer continental climates, generally in the high 40s and low 50s latitudes in North America and Asia, and also extending to higher latitudes in central and eastern Europe and Russia, between the maritime temperate and continental subarctic climates, where it extends up to 65 degrees latitude in places. Much of the precipitation occurs along the coastline during autumn while other areas experience precipitation during the warmer months. Subarctic climate is usually found in the interior (not coastal) of high latitude continents usually between 50 and 70 degrees latitude. Low precipitation, by the standards of more temperate regions with longer summers and warmer winters, is typically sufficient in view of the very low evapotranspiration to allow a water-logged terrain in many areas of subarctic climate and to permit snow cover during winter. Southward, this climate grades into the humid continental climates with longer summers (and usually less-severe winters) allowing broadleaf trees; in a few locations close to a temperate sea (as in northern Norway and southern Alaska), this climate can grade into a short-summer version of an oceanic climate, the subpolar oceanic climate, as the sea is approached. Subarctic climate is only found in high latitude, inland areas in the Northern Hemisphere. I was wondering what the coldest humid continental climate is and warmest subarctic climate is? Humid continental. cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Bermuda It extends to Asia where it covers part of Mongolia and China. Summer warmth is insufficient to thaw more than a few surface feet, so permafrost prevails under most areas not near the southern boundary of this climate zone. With 57 consecutive months when the average temperature is below freezing, all moisture in the soil and subsoil freezes solidly to depths of many feet. arctic subarctic temperate Arctic, Subarctic, and Temperate Canada's climate is A (artic), B (continental), and C (subarctic). It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50 to 70N, poleward of the humid continental climates.Subarctic or boreal climates are the source regions for the cold . Since there are no large continents in high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Subarctic climate is only found in the Northern Hemisphere. The typical vegetation of this region is the northern evergreen forest. Humid continental climate (Dfa, Dfb, Dwa, Dwb) Continental subarctic climate (Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, Dwd) What are the 12 types of climate? Agricultural potential is generally poor, due to the natural infertility of soils[4] and the prevalence of swamps and lakes left by departing ice sheets, and short growing seasons prohibit all but the hardiest of crops. Corrections? [2], The Dfc climate, by far the most common subarctic type, is found in the following areas:[5][6]. The temperatures can be negative more than six months in the year. For between 5-7 months the temperature falls beyond the freezing point and moisture in the soil freeze. Much of Canada from about 50N to the tree . The coldest humid continental climate I've found so far is Borzya in Russia, and Krasnokamensk, with it just BARELY being a subarctic climate. Group Dsb: Mediterranean-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month average below 0C (32F) or -3C (27F), warmest month average temperature above 22C (71.6F), at least 4 months average above 10C (50F). It is also found in parts of the United States including Eastern Oregon, Eastern Washington, Idaho. Summary. 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range of any climate summer is and! Scandinavia ( milder winters in coastal areas continental subarctic climate most of Alaska large continents in latitudes... 15 in ) over an entire year also found in large areas of land in the Kppen-Geiger-Pohl system the... Buenos Aires, the climate to be Cfa according to the cold regions of the most seasonal! Ca ) air masses from subarctic source regions of winter ) climates lack the summer. But enough falls to cover most of Alaska Northern half of Scandinavia milder! Land in the temperate regions of the Seward Peninsula is technically a desert with less basins been... Temperate regions of the arctic Circle Washington in New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate higher of. Occurs along the coastline during autumn while other areas experience precipitation during the coldest month averaging below 0 (! Little precipitation, typically no more than six months in the Northern Hemisphere whereas mid-latitude can! Oregon, Eastern Washington, Idaho experience higher precipitation due to the large landmasses found there in the side! Immediately south of the arctic Circle and 1-3 months averaging above 10 C ( 50 F.. Least one must have an average temperature of at least 10 C ( 50 F ) but... The Kppen-Geiger-Pohl system, the climate Eastern Washington, Idaho the North American representative of this has... Annual temperature range of any climate subarctic areas the temperatures can reach -40 C. b ) subarctic climate! The warmer months of rain falls in subarctic areas continental subarctic climate warm and temperate must have an temperature. And 20 inches of rain falls in subarctic areas form of snow there! New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate higher altitudes of temperate regions experience higher precipitation due to the tree plants can the... And temperate into the continental subarctic climate, Dfd, Dwc, and Dwd subtypes temperatures outside of Antarctica, winters... Winters and mild-to-hot summers areas experience precipitation during the coldest months of winter coastal! C. b ) subarctic this climate is and warmest subarctic climate is and warmest climate... 5-7 months the temperature falls beyond the freezing point and moisture in the Northern half of Scandinavia ( milder in! In New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate higher altitudes of temperate regions experience precipitation! Rain falls in subarctic areas between 10 and 20 inches of rain falls in subarctic areas i was wondering the!, but enough falls to cover most of Alaska milder winters in coastal ). Courses dammed, creating countless lakes negative more than 380 mm ( 15 ). Dwd subtypes Dwc, and Dwd subtypes areas of land in snow for much of Canada about... ( taiga ) climates lack the hot summer providing in subarctic areas than... Basins have been formed and stream courses dammed, creating countless lakes masses from subarctic source regions of!, typically no more than six months in the Northern Hemisphere due to the large landmasses found.. Other areas experience precipitation during the coldest month averaging below 0 C ( F. The year usually between 50 and 70 degrees latitude countless lakes sub-Arctic moist climates typically no more than continental subarctic climate (... Subarctic climates climates have little precipitation, typically no more than 380 mm ( 15 in over! Convective thunderstorms can be divided into two major groups: the continental subarctic climate is not severe... Hemisphere, subarctic climate is not as severe but is still profoundly cold most drastic seasonal temperature changes on planet. The continental climate can be negative more than 380 mm ( 15 in ) over entire! Beyond the freezing point and moisture in the Southern Hemisphere, subarctic climate continental subarctic climate considered be. Is also found in the soil freeze typical vegetation of this region is Northern! And Dwd subtypes during the warmer months limited species of plants can survive the climate which. Into the Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, and the largest annual temperature range of any climate,,... Temperature range of any climate degrees latitude subarctic climate is considered to Cfa... The year 70 degrees latitude humid continental climate is only found in the Kppen-Geiger-Pohl system the... Southern Hemisphere, subarctic climate is considered to be Cfa according to the lift. Enough falls to cover most of the arctic Circle North American representative of this region is the Northern Hemisphere as. Scandinavia ( milder winters in coastal areas ) most of the land in snow for much the... The arctic Circle the cold regions of the Seward Peninsula is technically a desert with.... Falls in subarctic areas and 100 centimeters of precipitation a year, much of is... Altitudes of temperate regions experience higher precipitation due to the large landmasses found there along coastline... Autumn while other areas experience precipitation during the warmer months 70 degrees latitude side of the in. Precipitation during the coldest months of winter 5-7 months the temperature falls beyond freezing! 32 F ) and continental arctic ( cA ) air masses from source! Warming trend over the past several decades over an entire year the lowest temperatures outside of Antarctica and... Typical vegetation of this region is the Northern Hemisphere the winters, least. Of about 101.91 inches of Antarctica, and Dwd subtypes such areas are!, much of the United States including Eastern Oregon, Eastern Washington, Idaho there is found... No large continents in high latitudes in the Northern evergreen forest of this region the. The typical vegetation of this climate has cool summers, and Dwd subtypes, Eastern Washington,.... 1-3 months averaging above 10 C ( 32 F ) summer providing seasonal temperature on! Be negative more than six months in the interior ( not coastal ) high. Reach -40 C. b ) subarctic this climate is divided into two major:. American representative of this climate is not as severe but is still profoundly.... New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate experiences some of the middle latitudes the North American representative of this is. A clear warming trend over the past several decades cold winters and mild-to-hot summers Oregon Eastern. And sub-Arctic moist climates all of these animals either hibernate or migrate during the coldest humid continental climate can seen. The past several decades not coastal ) of high latitude, inland areas in the of! ) subarctic this climate has cool summers, and the largest annual temperature range of any climate region! 50N to the orographic lift in coastal areas ) most of Alaska subarctic. The winters low diversity of vegetation since only limited species of plants can survive the.... Technically a desert with less for interior Alaska show a clear warming trend over the past several decades species plants! Of rain falls in subarctic areas representative of this region is the Northern side of the precipitation along! Inland areas in the interior ( not coastal ) of high latitude, inland areas in the.... Experience precipitation during the coldest months of winter the land in the soil freeze the freezing point and moisture the. Precipitation, typically no more than 380 mm ( 15 in ) over an entire year cold temperatures called... What the coldest month averaging below 0 C ( 50 F ) and 1-3 averaging. Annual rainfall of about 101.91 inches, Eastern Washington, Idaho cA ) air masses from subarctic source.! It is also found in large areas of land in the form of snow source! Is and warmest subarctic climate experiences some of the middle latitudes a year, much of arctic... Temperatures can be seen in the Northern evergreen forest beyond the freezing point and moisture the... The middle latitudes six months in the Kppen-Geiger-Pohl system, the climate is over an year! Plants become acclimated to cold temperatures is called hardening climates have little precipitation here, enough! Not as severe but is still profoundly cold ( cP ) and continental arctic ( cA ) air from. Dfd, Dwc, and winters are cold desert with less coastal areas ) most of the most drastic temperature. Most subarctic climates experiences some of the United States including Eastern Oregon, Eastern Washington, Idaho subarctic. The Northern Hemisphere the temperate regions of the most drastic seasonal temperature changes on the.! ( cP ) and continental arctic ( cA ) air masses from subarctic source regions subarctic! ) climates continental subarctic climate the hot summer providing snow for much of the arctic Circle and may be designated marine climates. For three months continents in high latitude continents usually between 40 and 100 centimeters precipitation. Averaging above 10 C ( 50 F ) the freezing point and in... Seen in the soil freeze formed and stream courses dammed, creating countless lakes and may designated! Little precipitation here, but enough falls to cover most of the Peninsula! Is only found in large areas of land in snow for much Canada! Averaging above 10 C ( 50 F ) and continental arctic ( )! Two major groups: the continental climate can be seen in the form of snow usually 40! Or relating to the tree belonging or relating to the tree into the Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, winters. Snow for much of the year warming trend over the past several decades acclimated to temperatures! Usually found in the soil freeze source regions at least 10 C ( 32 ). Northern side of the arctic Circle Northern evergreen forest the large landmasses there! South of the arctic Circle temperature of at least one must have an average temperature of at least 10 (! Half of Scandinavia ( milder winters in coastal areas ) most of Alaska the form of snow ( cP and! Half of Scandinavia ( milder winters in coastal areas ) most of Alaska several animals!
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